One of the acts of bankruptcy mentioned in the Bankruptcy Act, 1914, is that of ” keeping house.” It is not possible to give an exact definition of this expression in a short form, but its meaning is fairly clear, and arises in this way. In order that a bankruptcy petition may be presented against any individual, it is necessary that certain preliminary proceedings should be taken, and to enable these proceedings to be carried out, personal service upon the debtor is requisite. The debtor, however, may endeavour to keep out of the way, and he might conceivably outwit his creditors altogether if something in the shape of substituted service was not provided. It is, therefore, enacted by Section 1 of the Act of 1914, that “If, with intent to defeat or delay his creditors, he (i.e. the debtor) does any of the following thingsnamely, departs out of England ; or being out of England remains out of England ; or departs from his dwelling-house ; or otherwise absents himself; or begins to keep house,” he commits an act of bankruptcy, and proceedings against him may be taken forthwith. The gist of ” keeping house ” is the wilful avoidance of an interview with another person. It is sufficient to show that a debtor has given orders that he was to be denied to his creditors and other persons, and that a creditor was, in fact, so denied. But a creditor could not assert that he was denied if the debtor refused to see him at an unreasonable hour. If, however, it is clear under all the circumstances that there is an intention to avoid creditors, the act of bankruptcy is committed.

The name given to the ballast of a ship, generally consisting of some heavy material, which is considered to be a part of the ship itself.

The declaration on the part of an auctioneer that a sale has been effected; i. & sold, is equivalent to the above.

The name given to that particular part of the London Stock Exchange in which the jobbers and brokers who deal in Kaffirs stand. (See next subject.)

Pushing the prices of stocks to high levels not warranted by the established earning powers of properties; trying to establish new high records in prices.

The monetary unit of Austria-Hungary, and equivalent to $.203 United States moneyAlso the monetary unit of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, being equivalent to $.268 United States money.

The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Co.

A Russian silver kopeck is one-hundredth part of their ruble, and is equal to about one-half cent United States moneyThe copper kopeck is estimated at $.0075 in our money.

To make a killing is to profit handsomely.

Mining securities of the Johannesburg District of South Africa.

A term for the securities (mining, etc.) of West Australia, dealt in upon the London Stock Exchange.

Not cancelled, but still drawing interest. If a company buys in some of its own bonds for its sinking fund account, arid continues to pay interest on them as if in the hands of an outside party, the bonds are said to be kept alive.

This is a method of sustaining a fictitious balance in a bank by the use of accommodation paper, and all depends upon the custom which banks pursue of giving the depositor credit for checks of other people as soon as deposited, and without waiting until the same have been collected. As an example, Green and Brown agree to exchange checks for $1,000 each. Each wants immediate use of all or part of that sum. Each, accordingly, gives the other his check for $1,000, which is properly deposited in his respective bank. They go on the principle that the checks will not be collected before the following day, each expecting to make the amount good at his own bank before it is collected. This same method may be adopted by a man having two different bank accounts,

Knowledge Exchange as the basis of an economy where knowledge capital is the defacto currency, an underlying premise in knowledge-based economies .

Japanese lean production term. Described as increasing value by eliminating all waste, called “muda” in Japan, through radical activity overhaul. Also known as breakthrough kaizen.

Small but continual improvements involving everyone from the chief executive to the lowest level workers achieves higher standards in quality enhancement and waste reduction. Mosaki Imai popularized it in his book ‘Kaizen: The Key To Japan’s competitive Success.’ Japanese term for a gradual approach.

A budgeting approach that includes product improvement costs. With the objective of reducing actual costs below standard costs, projected costs of improvement are already incorporated in the budget . Also refer to target costing.

Reducing product costs even if being produced. A process involving effective waste management, continuous product improvement and raw material price reduction. Cost minimization is a strategy in overall product cost reduction.

Pleasing the product customer aesthetically and qualitatively. The product’s performance as well as how it looks, feels, and smells are part of an integrated product development and manufacturing system. Kansei in Japanese means “sensory perception”.

Part of a just-in-time (JIT) inventory system. Work-centers use a card to signal feeding operations or supply bins the need to pull/get parts. Kanban in Japanese means “a visible record”, as in a card, label, or sign. It is a materials requirement planning technique developed by Toyota Corporation.

Renown for his “fish diagram”, also known as the Ishikawa diagram, it enabled management hierarchies to develop topdown, cross organizational solutions for quality improvement. His simple template in his “cause and effect” methodology of pinpointing quality control problems was a significant advancement in quality control and improvement methods. Ishikawa is a noted management leadership authority. His methods have been adopted by companies throughout the world.

Fineness, as a measure of the purity, of gold. It also indicate gold proportion in an alloy. UK spelling of both carat and karat is carat. Germany spelling is karat. 24 karats or a fineness of 1000 defines pure gold. One karat equals 41.66 fineness. 22 karat gold-alloy has 22 parts gold and 2 parts other metal, usually copper. Its fineness is 916.66, 91.666 percent pure gold. An 18 karat gold-alloy is 75 percent pure gold.

The foundation of communism evolved from this revolutionary socialist thinker. He strongly opposed capitalism, believing it would destroy societies by increasing tensions and disparity between workers and owners. His theories and ideas became very popular during the 19th century.

K Desktop Environment. KDE was a project begun by Matthias Ettrich in 1996. It was developed mainly by European volunteers. It is a Linux-based non-proprietary graphical user interface (GUI). It works with other UNIX and UNIX-type operating systems. An open source license typically comes with it for free .

For entering and remaining in a port a ship pays this charge.